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Related Concept Videos

The Hall Effect01:30

The Hall Effect

4.3K
Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.0K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

5.0K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Related Experiment Video

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High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
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Tunable optical spin Hall effect in a liquid crystal microcavity.

Katarzyna Lekenta1, Mateusz Król1, Rafał Mirek1

  • 11Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Light, Science & Applications
|October 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers demonstrate external control of spin currents using liquid crystals in microcavities. This advances spintronics by enabling manipulation of spin currents with light, overcoming limitations of electron dephasing.

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Photonics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • The spin Hall effect enables control of spin currents over macroscopic distances, crucial for spintronics.
  • Electron dephasing limits manipulation of macroscopic spin currents.
  • Using photons in stratified media offers lossless propagation and easier detection, leading to optical spin Hall effect manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate external control of spin currents.
  • To overcome limitations of previous optical spin Hall effect observations, which were restricted to built-in magnetic fields.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of liquid crystals within microcavities.
  • Modulation of the splitting between transverse electric and magnetic fields.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of externally controlled spin currents.
  • Liquid crystals in microcavities allow for dynamic modulation of spin currents.

Conclusions:

  • External control of spin currents is achievable by modulating optical fields in liquid crystal microcavities.
  • This work provides a new pathway for manipulating spin currents, with potential applications in advanced spintronic devices.