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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

532
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
532
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

307
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
307
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

510
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
510
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

448
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
448
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

437
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
437
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

263
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
263

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice
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18F-NaF PET/CT in Prostatic Calculi.

William Y Raynor, Abdullah Al-Zaghal, Thomas J Werner

    Clinical Nuclear Medicine
    |October 17, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Prostatic calculi, common in older men, can now be assessed for calcium metabolism using F-NaF PET/CT. This imaging technique offers a new way to study calcification in the prostate.

    Area of Science:

    • Nuclear Medicine
    • Radiochemistry
    • Urology

    Background:

    • Primary prostatic calculi are often asymptomatic in men over 50.
    • Calculi formation is linked to secretory tube blockage, inflammation, and prostatic secretions.
    • Increased prevalence is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis.

    Observation:

    • A 69-year-old man incidentally found to have prostatic calcification.
    • Detection was achieved using Fluorine-18 sodium fluoride (F-NaF) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT).

    Findings:

    • F-NaF PET/CT successfully visualized prostatic calcification.
    • This demonstrates the utility of F-NaF PET/CT in assessing calcium metabolism within the prostate.

    Implications:

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    • F-NaF PET/CT provides a novel imaging approach for prostatic calcification.
    • This technique may offer new insights into prostate calcium metabolism and related conditions.