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Related Concept Videos

Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Relative Velocity in One Dimension01:10

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The understanding of the concept of reference frames is essential to discuss relative motion in one or more dimensions. When we say that an object has a certain velocity, we must state the velocity with respect to a given reference frame. In most examples, this reference frame has been Earth. For instance, if a statement reads that a person is sitting in a train moving at 10 m/s east, then it implies that the person on the train is moving relative to the surface of Earth at this velocity,...
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Relative Frequency Histogram01:14

Relative Frequency Histogram

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The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. Like the histogram, a relative frequency histogram also has the same shape with a horizontal scale (the x-axis), but the vertical scale (the y-axis) is marked with relative frequencies (percentages of the whole) instead of actual frequencies. A relative frequency histogram is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution where the...
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Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions01:11

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Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to another reference frame. The concept of relative velocity can be used to describe motion in two dimensions. Consider a particle P and two reference frames S and S′. The position of the origin of S′ as measured in S is , the position of P as measured in S′ is , and the position of P as measured in S is , which can be evaluated by utilizing...
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Relative Frequency Distribution00:55

Relative Frequency Distribution

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A relative frequency distribution is the proportion or fraction of times a value occurs in a data set. To find the relative frequencies, one can divide each frequency by the total number of data points in the sample. It is very similar to a regular frequency distribution, except that instead of reporting how many data values fall in a class, a relative frequency distribution reports the fraction of data values that fall in a class. These fractions or proportions are called relative frequencies...
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Relative Stabilities of Alkenes01:59

Relative Stabilities of Alkenes

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The relative stability of alkenes can be determined by comparing their heats of hydrogenation. The lower heat of hydrogenation indicates the more stable alkene.  The three main factors determining the relative stability of alkenes are i) the number of substituents attached to the double-bond carbon atoms, ii) hyperconjugation, and iii) the stereochemistry of the double bond.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans
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Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

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Toothbrush wear in relation to toothbrushing effectiveness.

Martijn P C Van Leeuwen1,2, Fridus A Van der Weijden1,3, Dagmar Else Slot1

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

International Journal of Dental Hygiene
|October 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Toothbrush wear significantly impacts oral hygiene effectiveness. Severely worn toothbrushes are less effective at plaque removal than those with minimal wear, suggesting bristle splaying is a better indicator for replacement time.

Keywords:
dental plaquemanual toothbrushtoothbrush wear

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Area of Science:

  • Oral hygiene
  • Dental research
  • Microbiome studies

Background:

  • Effective plaque removal is crucial for maintaining oral health.
  • Toothbrush wear is a common issue, but its impact on plaque control is not fully understood.
  • Current guidelines often recommend toothbrush replacement based on age rather than wear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the correlation between manual toothbrush wear and plaque scores.
  • To determine if toothbrush wear influences the efficacy of plaque removal.
  • To evaluate bristle splaying as a potential indicator for toothbrush replacement.

Main Methods:

  • A 1-year study involving 172 participants using a standard oral hygiene regimen.
  • Participants' manual toothbrushes were collected every 3 months for wear scoring.
  • Plaque scores were analyzed and correlated with the degree of toothbrush wear.

Main Results:

  • Toothbrush wear varied among participants but was consistent per individual.
  • Toothbrushes exhibiting extreme wear were associated with significantly higher plaque scores.
  • A strong correlation (rho = 0.8, P < 0.0001) was found between wear status of multiple toothbrushes from the same patient.

Conclusions:

  • Individual toothbrush wear patterns are consistent.
  • Extremely worn toothbrushes are less effective in plaque removal compared to minimally worn ones.
  • Bristle splaying is a more reliable indicator for toothbrush replacement than chronological age.