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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

Distribution of Stresses in a Narrow Rectangular Beam

Distribution of Stresses in a Narrow Rectangular Beam

In studying beam stress distribution, examining an elemental section is essential. To determine the average shearing stress on this face, the calculated shear is divided by the surface area. Importantly, shearing stresses on the beam's transverse and horizontal planes mirror each other, indicating a consistent stress distribution along the upper region of the beam. Notably, shearing stresses are absent at the beam's upper and lower surfaces due to the absence of applied forces in these...

Random and Systematic Errors

Random and Systematic Errors

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...

Systematic Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...

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Narrow-diameter implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Eik Schiegnitz¹, Bilal Al-Nawas¹

¹Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Clinical Oral Implants Research

|October 18, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Narrow-diameter implants (NDI) under 3.0 mm diameter showed significantly lower survival rates than standard diameter implants (SDI). However, implants between 3.0-3.5 mm diameter demonstrated comparable survival rates to SDI.

Keywords:

meta-analysis narrow diameter review small dental implants survival

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Area of Science:

Dental Implantology
Biomaterials Science
Oral Surgery

Background:

Narrow-diameter implants (NDI) are proposed as an alternative to bone augmentation.
The clinical efficacy and survival rates of NDI compared to standard diameter implants (SDI) require thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a meta-analysis comparing the implant survival rates of NDI and SDI.
To establish guidelines for the application of NDI based on evidence.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library.
Classification of NDI into three categories based on diameter: Category 1 (<3.0 mm), Category 2 (3.0-3.25 mm), and Category 3 (3.3-3.5 mm).
Inclusion of clinical studies with at least 10 patients and a minimum 12-month follow-up.

Main Results:

Meta-analysis included 16 studies, with a high risk of bias noted.
Category 1 NDI (<3.0 mm) exhibited statistically significant lower survival rates compared to SDI (OR=4.54).
Categories 2 (3.0-3.25 mm) and 3 (3.3-3.5 mm) NDI showed no significant difference in survival rates compared to SDI (OR=1.06 and OR=1.19, respectively).

Conclusions:

Category 1 NDI (<3.0 mm) performed significantly worse than SDI, primarily used in atrophic jaws.
Categories 2 and 3 NDI demonstrated comparable survival rates to SDI.
Long-term data on complications associated with NDI, particularly with wide platform restorations, are lacking.