[Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants]

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Pathology
• Genetics

Background:

• Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) involves immune system hyper-reactivity.
• Development of autoimmune inflammation is linked to exposure to internal or external trigger factors (adjuvants).
• Genetic predisposition, potentially involving HLA-DRB1*01 or HLA-DRB4, may play a role in ASIA development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders induced by adjuvants.
• To present diagnostic criteria for ASIA.
• To detail the clinical, laboratory, and morphological manifestations of ASIA.

Main Methods:

• Review of five proposed adjuvant impacts on autoimmune disorder pathogenesis.
• Analysis of diagnostic criteria for ASIA.
• Examination of clinical, laboratory, and morphological features of ASIA.

Main Results:

• Adjuvants can trigger autoimmune disorders through five proposed mechanisms.
• Diagnostic criteria for ASIA have been established.
• Morphological changes, including immune inflammation and scleroderma-like alterations, are extensive and crucial for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Morphological changes are vital for diagnosing autoimmune disorders like ASIA.
• The spectrum of morphological changes in ASIA is broad, featuring immune inflammation.
• A key diagnostic feature is the regression of ASIA manifestations following adjuvant removal.