Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biofilms01:29

Biofilms

1.4K
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
1.4K
Infection01:20

Infection

12.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
12.6K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

65.2K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
65.2K
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

9.7K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
9.7K
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

1.1K
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
1.1K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.5K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-term optic nerve safety of low-dose IMRT versus glucocorticoids in thyroid eye disease: an 8-year multimodal age-adjusted study.

Eye (London, England)·2026
Same author

Melanopsin-Mediated Post-Illumination Pupillary Response in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson's Disease.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2026
Same author

Growth-dependent tRNA Reprogramming and Codon Bias Link Translation to Metabolic State in <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> alters antibiotic susceptibility in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> mixed-species biofilms.

Journal of bacteriology·2026
Same author

<i>Enterococcus faecium</i> colonization and persistence in a model of diabetic wound infection.

Infection and immunity·2026
Same author

A two-component system signaling hub controls enterococcal membrane remodeling in response to daptomycin.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Microbe Interactions in Wound Biofilm Formation
07:16

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Microbe Interactions in Wound Biofilm Formation

Published on: June 16, 2023

2.5K

Biofilm-associated infection by enterococci.

Jun-Hong Ch'ng1,2, Kelvin K L Chong3,4, Ling Ning Lam3,5

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Nature Reviews. Microbiology
|October 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Enterococcal biofilms cause difficult-to-treat infections. This review details biofilm development, influencing factors, and strategies to combat these persistent microbial communities.

More Related Videos

Cystic Fibrosis Aggregate Biofilm Model to Study Infection-relevant Gene Expression
08:58

Cystic Fibrosis Aggregate Biofilm Model to Study Infection-relevant Gene Expression

Published on: April 18, 2025

1.1K
Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model
07:26

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Published on: July 1, 2018

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Microbe Interactions in Wound Biofilm Formation
07:16

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Microbe Interactions in Wound Biofilm Formation

Published on: June 16, 2023

2.5K
Cystic Fibrosis Aggregate Biofilm Model to Study Infection-relevant Gene Expression
08:58

Cystic Fibrosis Aggregate Biofilm Model to Study Infection-relevant Gene Expression

Published on: April 18, 2025

1.1K
Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model
07:26

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Published on: July 1, 2018

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Enterococci are common gut bacteria and opportunistic pathogens.
  • Enterococcal biofilms are linked to catheter-associated urinary tract infections, wound infections, and infective endocarditis.
  • These biofilms exhibit intrinsic antimicrobial tolerance, complicating treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spatiotemporal development of enterococcal biofilms.
  • To identify factors influencing biofilm formation and persistence.
  • To discuss current and future interventions against enterococcal biofilm infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of enterococcal biofilm research.
  • Analysis of factors affecting biofilm development (environmental, host, microbial interactions).
  • Overview of therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Enterococcal biofilms develop through distinct stages influenced by various factors.
  • Antimicrobial tolerance is a key characteristic of these biofilms.
  • Host and microbial environments significantly impact biofilm formation.

Conclusions:

  • Enterococcal biofilms pose a significant clinical challenge due to their persistence and antimicrobial tolerance.
  • Further understanding of biofilm development and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed.
  • Interventions targeting biofilm formation and persistence are crucial for managing enterococcal infections.