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Stringent Response in E. coli

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Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems

Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems

Published on: April 26, 2019

Growth-dependent tRNA Reprogramming and Codon Bias Link Translation to Metabolic State in Enterococcus faecalis.

Michelle M Mitchener¹, Caleb M Anderson², Mark Veleba³

¹Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|May 18, 2026

Summary

Enterococcus faecalis

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Molecular Biology
Bacterial Physiology

Background:

Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive bacterium significant in hospital-acquired infections.
Understanding E. faecalis gene and protein expression coordination with growth is crucial but poorly defined.

Purpose of the Study:

To profile transcript, protein, and tRNA dynamics across E. faecalis growth phases.
To investigate posttranscriptional regulation, tRNA reprogramming, and codon usage in E. faecalis growth.
To elucidate the role of queuosine modification in translational control during bacterial growth.

Main Methods:

Quantitative analysis of transcriptomes, proteomes, and tRNA pools during E. faecalis growth.
Assessment of synonymous codon usage bias in growth-associated genes.
Analysis of tRNA modification patterns and isoacceptor abundance, focusing on queuosine.

Main Results:

Protein and mRNA levels indicated growth phase-dependent posttranscriptional regulation.
Ribosomal and glycolytic proteins showed biased codon usage, linked to queuosine-modifiable tRNAs.
Growth phase-dependent remodeling of the E. faecalis tRNA pool, including queuosine levels, was observed.

Conclusions:

E. faecalis exhibits growth phase-associated tRNA pool remodeling.
Queuosine-dependent translational reprogramming shapes protein expression during bacterial growth.
Findings enhance understanding of E. faecalis physiology and adaptation.