Infective Endocarditis, a Rare Complication of Late Neonatal Group B Strep Sepsis

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is extremely rare in infants with structurally normal hearts. We present a case of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) endocarditis in a 5 week old. Clinical Case: A 5-week old male presented to his local hospital with fever and was diagnosed with GBS sepsis. He received 4 days of intravenous antibiotics and was discharged home with 6 days of oral antibiotics. He re-presented 5 days after discharge with severe sepsis as well as a new pathological pan systolic murmur and was diagnosed with IE following echocardiographic identification of a mitral valve vegetation. He was subsequently transferred to a tertiary cardiology center. Ten days after readmission he developed an intracranial hemorrhage associated with rupture of a mycotic aneurysm requiring emergency evacuation. Conclusion: Late-onset GBS sepsis is rare, but when improperly treated can have severe consequences. Infant IE is extremely rare. When diagnosed prompt treatment must be initiated to provide the best outcome for the patient, including consideration of surgical removal of the vegetation.