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Sub-optimal or reduction in temperature and salinity decrease antioxidant activity and cellularity in the hemolymph

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Pacific abalone survival declines significantly at low temperatures (4°C and 6°C), indicating stress. Their lowest tolerance levels were identified as 8°C and 30 psu for temperature and salinity, respectively.

Keywords:
Haliotis discus hannaiHemocyte responseOxidative stressPacific abaloneSalinityTemperature

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Aquaculture
  • Environmental stress physiology

Background:

  • Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) are commercially important marine invertebrates.
  • Understanding their physiological responses to environmental changes is crucial for aquaculture sustainability.
  • Temperature and salinity are key environmental factors influencing marine ectotherm physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the tolerance limits of Pacific abalone to varying water temperatures and salinities.
  • To investigate the effects of temperature and salinity stress on abalone oxidative stress and hemocyte responses.
  • To identify optimal environmental parameters for Pacific abalone survival and health.

Main Methods:

  • Pacific abalone were exposed to a matrix of temperatures (4, 6, 8, 10°C) and salinities (26, 30, 34 psu) for 7 days.
  • Survival rates were recorded.
  • Oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, glutathione) in hemolymph were measured.
  • Hemocyte counts, apoptosis, and necrosis percentages were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Survival rates were high (98.7-100%) at 8°C and 10°C but dropped significantly (25-55%) at 4°C across all salinities.
  • Elevated superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels at 4°C and 6°C indicated induced oxidative stress.
  • Lower total hemocyte counts and higher percentages of apoptotic/necrotic cells were observed at 4°C, 6°C, and 26 psu.

Conclusions:

  • Pacific abalone exhibit limited tolerance to low temperatures (below 8°C) and low salinity (below 30 psu).
  • Exposure to suboptimal temperatures and salinities induces significant oxidative stress and negatively impacts hemocyte health.
  • These findings provide critical data for managing Pacific abalone aquaculture and predicting responses to climate change.