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Angular momentum characterizes an object's rotational motion and is defined as the moment of its linear momentum about a specified point O. When a particle moves along a curved path in the x-y plane, the scalar formulation calculates the magnitude of its angular momentum, utilizing the moment arm (d), representing the perpendicular distance from point O to the line of action of the linear momentum. Despite being scalar in formulation, angular momentum is inherently a vector quantity. Its...
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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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The angular impulse and momentum principle provides insights into how forces applied at a distance from an object's rotational axis influence its angular velocity. It builds upon the crucial relationship between the moment of force and angular momentum. By integrating this equation, substituting the limits for the initial and final times, a comprehensive expression representing the angular impulse and momentum principle is derived.
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A Novel Scheme for MIMO-SAR Systems Using Rotational Orbital Angular Momentum.

Xiangxi Bu1,2, Zhuo Zhang3, Xingdong Liang4,5

  • 1Science and Technology on Microwave Imaging Laboratory, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. buxiangxi14@mails.ucas.edu.cn.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel multi-input multi-output synthetic aperture radar (MIMO-SAR) system using vortex electromagnetic waves. This system leverages the orbital angular momentum (OAM) for enhanced imaging capabilities, improving swath width and azimuth resolution.

Keywords:
Rotational Doppler Effect (RDE)multi-input–multi-output synthetic aperture radar (MIMO-SAR)orbital angular momentum (OAM)vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics
  • Radar Systems Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging benefits from new degrees of freedom offered by vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves with orbital angular momentum (OAM).
  • Limited research exists on applying OAM-based vortex EM waves to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) SAR systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based multi-input multi-output synthetic aperture radar (MIMO-SAR) system.
  • To explore the application of vortex EM waves and the rotational Doppler Effect (RDE) for enhanced SAR imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission of rotational vortex EM waves within the OAM-based MIMO-SAR system.
  • Discrimination of different OAM modes using bandpass filtering in the range-Doppler domain.
  • Verification through proof-of-concept experiments.

Main Results:

  • The proposed scheme demonstrates performance independent of time-variant channel responses.
  • Vortex EM waves provide superior swath width and azimuth resolution compared to plane EM waves for equivalent antenna apertures.
  • Spatial diversity of vortex EM waves enhances potential applications in remote sensing, 3-D imaging, and radar-communication integration.

Conclusions:

  • The OAM-based MIMO-SAR system offers a new paradigm for SAR imaging by utilizing vortex EM waves.
  • This approach facilitates advancements in next-generation SAR systems, including high-resolution wide-swath remote sensing and integrated radar-communication functionalities.
  • The study validates the practical application of vortex EM waves in radar systems.