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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

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Decoding thymic development: a single-cell atlas of tree shrew immunity.

Haibo Tang1,2, Yunlin He3, Lifeng Zhang1,2

  • 1Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.

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Summary

This study maps tree shrew thymus development using single-cell RNA sequencing, revealing conserved and unique T cell development pathways compared to humans and pigs. Findings highlight age-related immune cell changes and aging gene expression patterns.

Keywords:
postnatal developmentsenescencesingle-cellthymictupaia belangeri yaoshanensis (T.b.yaoshanensis)

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The tree shrew is a promising mammalian model for preclinical research.
  • Understanding its immune system, particularly thymus development, is crucial but limited.
  • This study addresses the knowledge gap in tree shrew thymopoiesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive cell atlas of postnatal thymus development in tree shrews.
  • To compare tree shrew thymocyte development with human and pig models.
  • To investigate age-related changes in the tree shrew immune system.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was employed.
  • A cell atlas of postnatal thymus development was constructed.
  • Pseudo-temporal and trajectory analyses were performed.

Main Results:

  • Tree shrew thymocytes show conserved features with species-specific variations compared to humans and pigs.
  • Twenty thymic cell types were identified, with immature cells decreasing and Treg cells increasing with age.
  • Aging-related gene expression changes were observed, with increased aging and decreased anti-aging genes in older individuals.

Conclusions:

  • This research elucidates key differentiation events in tree shrew thymopoiesis.
  • It provides valuable insights into T cell development and aging in this mammalian model.
  • The findings support the tree shrew's utility in preclinical immune studies.