Common Reversal Agents/Antidotes in Small Animal Poisoning

Safdar A Khan1

  • 1ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, 1717 South Philo Road, Suite 36, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; Global Pharmacovigilance, Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007-9970, USA.

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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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Antidotes

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Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

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Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
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Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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Common Ion Effect

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