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Lingual function in children with anterior open bite: A case-control study.

Paola Botero-Mariaca1, Valentina Sierra-Alzate1, Zulma Vanessa Rueda2

  • 1Cooperative University of Colombia, Envigado, Colombia.

International Orthodontics
|October 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Tongue position during speech and swallowing impacts teeth and jaw growth. Lingual thrust and palatine rugae contact protect against anterior open bite (AOB), while tongue distortion is a risk factor.

Keywords:
Open bitePhonationSwallowing

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Tongue posture during phonation and swallowing can influence dental alignment and jaw development.
  • Anterior open bite (AOB) is a condition where front teeth do not touch, potentially linked to tongue behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between tongue position during speech and swallowing in individuals with normal vertical overbite (NVO) and anterior open bite (AOB).

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 132 students with AOB and 132 controls with NVO (ages 8-16).
  • AOB presence was clinically assessed. Phonation was evaluated using an articulation test. Tongue contact during swallowing was assessed using the Payne test.
  • Statistical analyses included Chi-squared, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney U tests, and logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Significant associations were found between AOB and lingual interposition, distortion, lingual thrust, tongue protrusion, palatine rugae contact, and dentition type.
  • Logistic regression identified lingual thrust (OR: 0.067) and palatine rugae contact (OR: 0.420) as protective factors for AOB.
  • Tongue distortion (OR: 10.751) was identified as a significant risk factor for AOB.

Conclusions:

  • Lingual thrust, interposition, and protrusion are linked to anterior open bite.
  • Lingual thrust and tongue contact with palatine rugae appear to be protective against AOB.
  • Tongue distortion is a risk factor associated with anterior open bite.