Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Retrieval

Retrieval

Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...

ER Retrieval Pathway

ER Retrieval Pathway

In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...

System of Memory

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...

Working Memory

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...

Phase Diagrams

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

From sudden perceptual learning to enduring engrams: a representational perspective.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026

Same author

It's not just the phase: Frequency-dependent tuning of neuronal firing.

PLoS biology·2026

Same author

Determinants of visual ambiguity resolution.

Communications psychology·2026

Same author

Pre-stimulus alpha power modulates trial-by-trial variability in theta rhythmic multisensory entrainment strength and theta-induced memory effect.

Communications psychology·2026

Same author

Characterizing neuronal and population responses to electrical stimulation in the human hippocampo-cortical network.

Brain stimulation·2025

Same author

Cortical-layer EEG-fMRI at 7T: experimental setup and analysis pipeline to elucidate generating mechanisms of alpha oscillations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

An Optimal Oscillatory Phase for Pattern Reactivation during Memory Retrieval.

Casper Kerrén¹, Juan Linde-Domingo¹, Simon Hanslmayr¹

¹School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

Current Biology : CB

|October 23, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human memory retrieval fluctuates with brain waves. Neural signatures of memory reactivation are time-locked to the phase of theta oscillations (7–8 Hz), shifting between encoding and retrieval states.

Keywords:

EEG decoding episodic memory hippocampus oscillations pattern classification phase coding retrieval theta oscillations

More Related Videos

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

Published on: March 26, 2013

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

Published on: March 26, 2013

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Human Memory Research

Background:

Rodent studies suggest the hippocampus alternates between encoding and retrieval states, driven by oscillations.
Understanding these brain oscillations in humans is crucial for deciphering memory dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether neural signatures of memory reactivation in humans are modulated by theta oscillations.
To determine the phase relationship between theta oscillations and memory retrieval processes.

Main Methods:

Electroencephalography (EEG) recorded neural activity during memory recall tasks.
Time-resolved pattern classifiers identified neural reactivation of learned associations.
Analysis of classifier performance and phase-locking to theta oscillations (7–8 Hz).

Main Results:

Neural signatures of memory reactivation fluctuated rhythmically, modulated by theta phase.
Optimal classification phases shifted by approximately 180° between encoding and retrieval.
Theta phase consistency was observed ~300 ms before maximal neural memory reactivation.

Conclusions:

Human memory retrieval is not constant but dynamically fluctuates.
Theta oscillations play a critical role in timing and organizing neural processes during memory retrieval.
Findings support a phase-dependent mechanism for memory recall in the human brain.