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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
Published on: May 25, 2017
Structural insight into Wnt signaling inhibition by Clostridium difficile toxin B
Peng Chen1, Liang Tao2,3,4, Zheng Liu1
1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Abstract:
The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased significantly worldwide, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. One of the major virulence factor, TcdB, manages to enter the colonic epithelia via the human frizzled proteins (FZDs), which are physiological receptors for Wnt morphogens. Binding of TcdB to FZDs inhibits Wnt signaling, which may contribute to pathogenesis of CDI. Here, we review the structural mechanism by which TcdB exploits to recognize FZDs for cell entry and inhibiting Wnt signaling, which reveals new strategies to modulate Wnt signaling for therapeutic interventions.
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