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Related Concept Videos

Sound Intensity00:58

Sound Intensity

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The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the...
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Sound Intensity Level00:53

Sound Intensity Level

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Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and...
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Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-I01:21

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An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care.
Physicians
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Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-II01:18

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An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care. Here are a few more healthcare professionals.
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Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves01:22

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The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a plane electromagnetic wave with E0 and B0 as the peak electric and magnetic fields and traveling along the x-axis, the time-varying energy flux can be given by the following equation:
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Continuing Care01:25

Continuing Care

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Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
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Mortality in Malaria: Intensive Care (MIMIC).

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Plasmodium vivax malaria is more common and requires more ICU care than Plasmodium falciparum malaria, with higher mortality rates in vivax and mixed malaria cases. Complications like thrombocytopenia and organ failure are significant concerns in severe malaria.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • Malaria remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in severe febrile illnesses requiring intensive care.
  • Historically considered benign, Plasmodium vivax malaria is now recognized to cause severe complications, challenging previous assumptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the proportion of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU).
  • To compare the clinical characteristics, illness severity, and treatment requirements between patients with vivax and falciparum malaria.
  • To analyze and compare outcomes, including mortality, for patients with vivax and falciparum malaria.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 932 confirmed malaria cases, focusing on 107 patients requiring ICU admission.
  • Comparison of clinical profiles, laboratory values (BUN, creatinine, PT INR, HCO3, pH, PaO2/FiO2), and organ support (inotropes, mechanical ventilation, RRT) between Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum/mixed malaria groups.
  • Evaluation of mortality rates and identification of predictors for mortality in severe malaria cases.

Main Results:

  • Plasmodium vivax malaria was more prevalent (601 cases) and had a higher ICU admission rate (74/107) compared to Plasmodium falciparum malaria (240 cases, 20/107).
  • Patients with falciparum/mixed malaria showed significantly higher BUN, creatinine, and PT INR, and lower HCO3 and pH. Vivax patients had lower PaO2/FiO2 ratios, indicating worse gas exchange.
  • Mortality was significantly higher in Plasmodium vivax (22.9%) and mixed malaria (33.3%) groups compared to Plasmodium falciparum (5.6%).

Conclusions:

  • Plasmodium vivax malaria occurs more frequently and necessitates ICU admission more often than Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
  • Common severe malaria complications include thrombocytopenia, renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, ARDS, shock, and cerebral dysfunction.
  • Higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, hypotension, ARDS, and metabolic acidosis are critical predictors of mortality in severe malaria.