Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

16.7K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
16.7K
Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

7.8K
The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
7.8K
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

16.4K
The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
16.4K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

83.9K
Overview
83.9K
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

991
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
991
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

523
Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
523

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of a resource use measurement (RUM) instrument to estimate the economic burden of suicide in India.

Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research·2026
Same author

Quantitative live-imaging platform to probe the spatio-temporal internalization and lysosomal degradation of therapeutic antibodies and ADCs in cells.

Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry·2026
Same author

Evaluation of Optimised Implantable Collamer Lens Sizing using an Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry Biometry Device at 12 months follow up.

Journal of cataract and refractive surgery·2026
Same author

Role of law enforcement agencies in suicide prevention: A scoping review.

Global mental health (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Characterising the safety and efficacy of intraocular lens exchange by surgical indication and IOL implantation sites.

European journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Strengthening suicide prevention: Evaluating a capacity building programme for community health workers in India.

Global mental health (Cambridge, England)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
08:45

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

10.1K

Spatial confinement downsizes the inflammatory response of macrophages.

Nikhil Jain1, Viola Vogel2

  • 1Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland. nikhil.jain@hest.ethz.ch.

Nature Materials
|October 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Spatial confinement suppresses late inflammatory responses in macrophages by altering chromatin compaction and epigenetic modifications. This mechanical regulation impacts cytokine secretion and phagocytic potential, offering insights into inflammation and tissue engineering.

More Related Videos

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages
08:34

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Published on: February 22, 2017

11.9K
Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
08:45

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

10.1K
Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages
08:34

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Published on: February 22, 2017

11.9K
Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular mechanobiology
  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Macrophages are crucial immune cells responding to diverse stimuli.
  • Decoupling chemical and physical stimuli during macrophage activation in vivo is challenging.
  • Spatial cues significantly influence cellular behavior and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of spatial confinement on macrophage pro-inflammatory activation.
  • To elucidate the mechanotransduction pathways involved in regulating macrophage responses.
  • To explore the potential of mechanical cues in modulating immune cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing micropatterning, microporous substrates, and cell crowding to impose spatial confinement.
  • Assessing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated transcriptional programs.
  • Analyzing chromatin compaction, epigenetic alterations (HDAC3, H3K36-dimethylation), and protein translocation (MRTF-A).
  • Employing chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR and RNA sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Spatial confinement suppressed late LPS-activated inflammatory gene expression (IL-6, CXCL9, IL-1β, iNOS).
  • Confinement reduced actin polymerization, inhibiting MRTF-A nuclear translocation and downstream SRF activity.
  • Early LPS-induced signaling (TLR4, NF-κB, IRF3) and gene expression were minimally affected.
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and phagocytic potential were downregulated by confinement.

Conclusions:

  • Macrophage spreading, regulated by spatial confinement, is critical for late inflammatory gene expression.
  • Mechanotransduction pathways involving actin polymerization and MRTF-A are key mediators of this suppression.
  • Spatial confinement offers a novel strategy to modulate macrophage inflammatory responses, with implications for regenerative medicine.