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Related Concept Videos

Schemas01:42

Schemas

12.3K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

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In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

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Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
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Method of Joints01:30

Method of Joints

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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...
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Method of Joints: Problem Solving I01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving I

1.7K
The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint. Consider a truss structure with two forces of 20 N and 10 N acting at joints C and D, respectively. The method of joints can be used to determine the forces FCB, FDC,...
1.7K
Method of Joints: Problem Solving II01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving II

1.0K
Consider a truss structure with frictionless joints fixed to a wall and roller support. If a force of 150 N is applied to joint A, the forces in each member of the truss can be determined using the method of joints.
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A new method for evaluating joint position sense using oral instructions based on body schema.

Hironari Yazawa1,2, Toshirou Okagawa2, Kaoru Toda2

  • 1Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University: 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.

Journal of Physical Therapy Science
|October 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new oral instruction method for measuring shoulder joint position sense. This body schema-based approach shows promise for assessing proprioception across different age groups.

Keywords:
Body schemaProprioceptionShoulder joint

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Area of Science:

  • Kinesiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Joint position sense (JPS) is crucial for motor control and proprioception.
  • Accurate measurement of JPS is essential for understanding sensorimotor function and age-related changes.
  • Existing methods for JPS assessment have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a novel oral instruction method, termed the "schema method," for measuring shoulder JPS.
  • To investigate age-related differences in shoulder JPS using the schema method.
  • To compare the schema method with traditional reproduction and imitation methods.

Main Methods:

  • The study included university students, elderly individuals, and elementary school students.
  • Active shoulder abduction was measured at target angles of 45° and 90°.
  • JPS was assessed using the schema method (oral instructions), reproduction, and imitation methods, calculating abduction angle, absolute error, and variable error.

Main Results:

  • The schema method showed significant differences in abduction angle compared to reproduction and imitation methods at 45° abduction.
  • No significant differences in variable error were found among the three methods at 90° abduction.
  • Significant age-related differences in abduction angle (university vs. elderly) and variable error (elementary vs. elderly) were observed.

Conclusions:

  • The developed body schema-based oral instruction method is effective for evaluating shoulder joint position sense.
  • This method offers a valuable tool for assessing proprioception and its age-related decline.
  • The schema method provides a potentially more accessible and reliable way to measure JPS.