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Related Experiment Videos

B virus, Herpesvirus simiae: historical perspective.

A E Palmer

    Journal of Medical Primatology
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    B virus (also known as cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) poses a significant risk, causing severe encephalitis and fatalities in humans. While preventative measures have improved, the threat of B virus infection remains.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Public Health
    • Primate Medicine

    Background:

    • B virus (cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) has historically caused severe neurological disease and high mortality in humans.
    • Macaque monkeys are a known reservoir for B virus, with isolation from dermal lesions and neural ganglia.
    • Serological diagnosis is challenging due to cross-reactivity with Herpes Simplex Virus and SA8.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the historical impact and epidemiology of B virus infections in humans.
    • To assess the effectiveness of past and potential countermeasures against B virus.
    • To understand the current risk of B virus transmission to humans.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of documented human B virus infections between 1932 and 1972.
    • Analysis of serological data and challenges in diagnosis.
    • Evaluation of the efficacy of immunoglobulins and inactivated vaccines.

    Main Results:

    • 24 human infections resulted in 23 cases of encephalitis and 18 deaths.
    • Hyperimmune globulin showed limited effectiveness.
    • A formalin-inactivated vaccine demonstrated safety and antigenicity in humans but is not licensed.
    • A significant portion of human subjects possessed neutralizing B virus antibodies linked to Herpes Simplex Virus titers.

    Conclusions:

    • B virus remains a significant zoonotic threat despite improved animal husbandry and protective measures.
    • Diagnostic complexities due to antigenic similarities require careful interpretation of serological results.
    • Further development and licensing of effective vaccines or treatments are warranted to mitigate B virus risk.

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