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Bernoulli's Principle: Applications

Bernoulli's Principle: Applications

There are many devices and situations in which fluid flows at a constant height and so can be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. These devices include, but are not limited to, entrainment devices and fluid flow measuring devices.
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Design Example: Application of Archimedes' Principle

Design Example: Application of Archimedes' Principle

Archimedes' principle is fundamental in analyzing the buoyant force and stability of floating bodies. In this example, a wooden block with a rectangular section floats in seawater. Based on the block's dimensions, its specific gravity and the specific weight of seawater are used to find the volume of water displaced and the center of buoyancy.
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The Uncertainty Principle

The Uncertainty Principle

Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...

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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications

Published on: November 9, 2016

Complex coacervation: Principles, mechanisms and applications in microencapsulation.

Yakindra Prasad Timilsena¹, Taiwo O Akanbi², Nauman Khalid³

¹NSW Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Yanco, NSW 2703, Australia.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

|October 24, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Complex coacervation, a microencapsulation method using oppositely charged polymers, offers high efficiency for food and agricultural applications. This review highlights recent advances, particularly in utilizing plant proteins.

Keywords:

Complex coacervation Emulsion Encapsulation efficiency

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Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications

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Fabrication of Mechanically Tunable and Bioactive Metal Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Food Science
Agricultural Science

Background:

Complex coacervation is a versatile microencapsulation technique utilizing electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions.
Its advantages include high payload, up to 99% encapsulation efficiency, cost-effectiveness, use of food-grade materials, and ambient temperature processing.
These attributes make it highly suitable for applications in the food and agrochemical industries.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in complex coacervation technology specifically for food and agricultural applications.
To summarize the current status and future prospects of using plant proteins in complex coacervation systems.
To provide a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in material science, food technology, and food engineering.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on recent research in complex coacervation.
Analysis of different polymer systems and core-shell combinations for encapsulation.
Specific focus on the utilization and trends of plant proteins in this technique.

Main Results:

Complex coacervation demonstrates significant potential for effective microencapsulation in food and agriculture.
Various polymer systems and core-shell structures have been successfully employed.
Plant proteins are emerging as a key resource for developing sustainable coacervation systems.

Conclusions:

Complex coacervation is a highly effective and adaptable microencapsulation method for food and agricultural products.
Continued research, especially on plant-based materials, will further enhance its applicability and sustainability.
This review serves as a comprehensive guide to the latest developments in the field.