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Relationships among hamstring muscle optimal length and hamstring flexibility and strength.

Xianglin Wan1, Feng Qu1, William E Garrett2

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PubMed
Summary

Hamstring optimal muscle length is linked to flexibility and gender, not strength. Greater flexibility means longer optimal muscle length, with females having shorter lengths than males for similar flexibility. This impacts understanding hamstring injury risk.

Keywords:
Injury risk factorMuscle biomechanicsMuscle length–tension relationshipMuscle optimal lengthMuscle strainMuscle strain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Research

Background:

  • Hamstring muscle strain injuries are common in athletes.
  • Understanding risk factors requires knowledge of hamstring muscle optimal lengths, flexibility, and strength.
  • Previous research has not fully clarified these relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlations between hamstring muscle optimal length, flexibility, and strength.
  • To identify factors influencing hamstring muscle optimal length.

Main Methods:

  • Collected hamstring flexibility, isokinetic strength, and 3D kinematic data from 21 recreational athletes (11 male, 10 female).
  • Determined maximal hamstring muscle forces, optimal lengths, and in-standing muscle lengths for each participant.

Main Results:

  • Hamstring optimal muscle length correlated significantly with flexibility score and gender, but not strength.
  • Higher flexibility scores were associated with longer hamstring optimal muscle lengths.
  • Females tended to have shorter optimal hamstring muscle lengths than males at similar flexibility levels.
  • Hamstring optimal muscle lengths were not significantly correlated with in-standing muscle lengths.

Conclusions:

  • Hamstring flexibility may influence maximal muscle strain during movement.
  • Gender differences in hamstring muscle maximal strain may exist even with similar flexibility.
  • In-standing hamstring muscle length is not a reliable proxy for optimal length in biomechanical models.