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Shock attenuation, spatio-temporal and physiological parameter comparisons between land treadmill and water treadmill
Paul W Macdermid1, Philip W Fink1, Stephen R Stannard1
1School of Sport & Exercise, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
Journal of Sport and Health Science
|October 26, 2018
Summary
Aquatic treadmill running significantly reduces impact stress on lower limbs compared to land-based running. However, this method increases physiological demand, including heart rate and oxygen consumption, at matched speeds.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Exercise Physiology
- Sports Science
Background:
- Running involves repetitive impact forces that can lead to musculoskeletal injuries.
- Aquatic treadmill running offers a low-impact alternative by utilizing water buoyancy.
- Understanding the biomechanical and physiological differences between aquatic and land-based running is crucial for training and rehabilitation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare shock attenuation, spatio-temporal parameters, and physiological responses during aquatic treadmill (ATM) running versus land-based treadmill (LTM) running.
- To investigate the effects of water immersion on impact forces experienced by the lower limbs and body.
- To assess the metabolic and cardiovascular demands of ATM running compared to LTM running at matched speeds.
Main Methods:
- Six participants completed 15-minute running trials on both LTM and ATM in a randomized order.
- Tri-axial accelerometers were used to measure impact acceleration and shock attenuation at the tibia, lower back, and forehead.
- Expired respiratory gases and heart rate were continuously monitored to assess physiological demand.
Main Results:
- ATM running significantly reduced impact accelerations at the distal tibia (p<0.0001) compared to LTM.
- Shock attenuation was substantially greater during ATM running (p=0.0001).
- ATM running led to increased stride frequency, shorter stride length, and elevated heart rate (p<0.0001) and oxygen consumption (p<0.0001) compared to LTM.
Conclusions:
- Aquatic treadmill running effectively reduces impact stress on the lower extremities.
- ATM running imposes a higher physiological load, necessitating greater cardiovascular and metabolic effort.
- These findings suggest ATM is beneficial for reducing injury risk while potentially enhancing training intensity.
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