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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Synthesis of Keratin-based Nanofiber for Biomedical Engineering
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New Combination/Application of Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Biomedical Engineering.

Ray Chang1, Peng-Yuan Wang2,3, Ching-Li Tseng4

  • 1College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Polymer-based nanoparticles (PNPs) offer versatile biomedical applications. Recent studies highlight their use in drug delivery, in vivo imaging, and therapies, showcasing enhanced treatment and diagnostic capabilities.

Keywords:
DeliveryImagingPNPs clusterPolymer-based nanoparticles (PNPs)Therapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Polymer-based nanoparticles (PNPs) are increasingly utilized in biomedical fields due to their small size, versatility, and target specificity.
  • Recent advancements have expanded their applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent (within 5 years) applications of polymer-based nanoparticles in the biomedical field.
  • To categorize PNP applications into delivery, in vivo imaging, therapies, and other uses.
  • To discuss the challenges and future directions for PNPs in biomedicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies published within the last five years.
  • Categorization of PNP applications based on their function: delivery, in vivo imaging, therapies, and other novel uses.
  • Analysis of how PNPs function as vehicles or adjuvants to enhance therapeutic and imaging efficacy.

Main Results:

  • PNPs enhance the efficiency of therapeutic agent delivery and treatment.
  • PNPs aid in vivo imaging systems for disease tracking and monitoring.
  • Novel PNPs demonstrate potential in photodynamic, photothermal, sonodynamic, and neuron capture therapies.
  • PNPs also find applications in immunoswitch particles and surface fabrication.

Conclusions:

  • Polymer-based nanoparticles are highly versatile for biomedical applications, acting as primary agents in delivery and as adjuvants in imaging and therapy.
  • Their biodegradable nature allows for controlled degradation and drug release, optimizing their function.
  • Continued research into PNPs promises further advancements in disease diagnosis and treatment.