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Updated: Feb 3, 2026
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Published on: April 26, 2024
Toward Effective Work Accommodations for Depression: Examining the Relationship Between Different Combinations of
Carolyn S Dewa1, Jeffrey S Hoch, Karen Nieuwenhuijsen
1University of California, Davis, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Sacramento, California (Dr Dewa), University of California, Davis, Department of Public Health Sciences, Sacramento, California (Dr Hoch), Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Drs Nieuwenhuijsen, Sluiter) and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Parikh).
Objective:
Heterogeneity of depression experiences has led to suggestions that interventions focus on depression symptom combinations rather than depression severity alone. Our analyses explore the question, "What is the relationship between different combinations of depression symptoms and work productivity losses?"
Methods:
These analyses use a population-based sample of 2219 working adults. Using the PHQ-8 items, cluster analysis methods were used to identify depression symptom clusters. The Work Limitations Questionnaire's four work productivity loss dimensions were regressed on the identified depression symptoms clusters.
Results:
The symptoms clusters of workers with mild to moderate depression had significant but similar work productivity losses. However, the symptom combinations within these clusters of workers varied.
Conclusion:
To create effective work accommodations, attention should focus on the combinations of depression symptoms and specific job characteristics rather than severity alone.
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