The Potential Implications of Work Requirements for the Insurance Coverage of Medicaid Beneficiaries: The Case of...

With encouragement from the Trump administration, 14 states have received approval for or are pursuing work requirements for nondisabled Medicaid beneficiaries. The requirements have sparked controversy, including two legal challenges.

To predict the effect of work requirements on the insurance coverage of Medicaid enrollees over time.

Analysis of the coverage patterns of a national cohort of nondisabled adults in the federal Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Their experience is applied to a similar cohort of adults in Kentucky (which has received approval for work requirements, subject to a legal challenge) to project the potential effects of work requirements on their insurance coverage.

Adding a new administrative hurdle in the form of work requirements in Kentucky would double the number of enrollees who disenroll from the program over a two-year period. We estimate that as many as 118,000 adults enrolled in Medicaid would either become uninsured for an extended period of time or experience a gap in insurance over a two-year period. These findings should be of concern to policymakers: research has found that adults who experience coverage gaps report problems getting health care or paying medical bills at rates nearly as high as those who are uninsured continuously.