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Acute kidney injury and continuous renal replacement therapy in children; what pediatricians need to know

Myung Hyun Cho1, Hee Gyung Kang1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Korean Journal of Pediatrics
|October 26, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Acute kidney injury (AKI) requires early detection and prevention due to lack of specific treatments. Management focuses on supportive care, avoiding kidney-damaging drugs, and monitoring high-risk patients.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) signifies a rapid decline in kidney function, impacting patient morbidity and mortality.
  • AKI is a significant risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease.
  • Currently, no definitive pharmacological treatments exist for AKI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of acute kidney injury.
  • To highlight the importance of prevention and early detection strategies.
  • To provide information on the management and follow-up of AKI patients.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing medical literature on acute kidney injury.
  • It focuses on diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and management principles.
  • Information on continuous renal replacement therapy for pediatric patients is included.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis of AKI depends on creatinine levels and urine output.
  • Effective management involves optimizing hemodynamics, avoiding nephrotoxins, and providing nutritional support.
  • Continuous renal replacement therapy is a key intervention for critically ill children with AKI.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians must recognize AKI risk factors and monitor high-risk individuals.
  • Comprehensive management and long-term follow-up are crucial for AKI survivors.
  • Emphasis on prevention and early intervention is vital given the absence of specific AKI medications.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryChildRenal replacement therapy

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