Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026

A Freeze-Thawing Method to Prepare Chitosan-Polyvinyl alcohol Hydrogels Without Crosslinking Agents and Diflunisal Release Studies
Published on: January 14, 2020
Efficient Method for Preparation of Rutin Nanosuspension Using Chitosan and Sodium Tripolyphosphate Crosslinker
Anh Nguyen Quynh Phan1, Long Giang Bach2, Trinh Duy Nguyen2
1Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 703500, Vietnam.
Abstract:
High concentration of rutin nanosuspension (5%) in water was prepared by using high-speed and high-pressure homogenizer. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) crosslinker and chitosan polymer were found to be an efficient encapsulating reagent and stabilizer to prepare rutin nanosuspension. In addition, the particle sizes and sedimentation rates of rutin nanosuspension were investigated under effects of several factors, including applied pressures of homogenization, the presence of co-solvent PEG 400 (polyethylene glycol 400), chitosan loading, STPP and chitosan mass ratio. Raw rutin material was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To evaluate the parameter of rutin nanosuspension, laser diffraction spectrometry (LDS) was employed to estimate the particle size distribution. Rutin nanosuspension prepared under optimal conditions was freezing dried/spray dried to form rutin powders. Properties of the rutin powders were evaluated using XRD analysis and re-dispersion into aqueous solutions of different pH values.
Related Concept Videos
Regulation of Sodium and Potassium
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
Roles of Electrolytes: Sodium and Potassium
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
Production Efficiency
Trophic Efficiency
Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal, such as sodium,...

