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Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.

Ronald F Pfeiffer1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. pfeiffro@ohsu.edu.

Current Treatment Options in Neurology
|October 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
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Gastrointestinal dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease, affecting the entire gut. The enteric nervous system is involved, but its role as the disease's origin is debated, as is the gut microbiome's potential contribution.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly recognized for its non-motor symptoms.
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a prominent non-motor feature in PD patients.
  • Dysfunction spans the entire length of the GI tract.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features of GI dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  • To explore the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in PD pathogenesis.
  • To address the potential involvement of the gut microbiome in PD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on PD and GI dysfunction.
  • Analysis of studies investigating ENS involvement in PD.
  • Examination of emerging research on the gut microbiome and PD.
Keywords:
Alpha-synucleinConstipationDysphagiaEntericGastrointestinalGastroparesisMicrobiomeVagus

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Main Results:

  • Gastroparesis and small intestinal dysfunction are linked to PD, impacting medication response.
  • ENS involvement in PD is well-established, but its role as the primary pathology site is debated.
  • The gut microbiome's role in PD is an emerging area requiring further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • GI dysfunction is a significant non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease.
  • While ENS involvement is confirmed, its origin of pathology in PD remains controversial.
  • The gut microbiome's contribution to PD pathogenesis warrants extensive future research.