Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

722
Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
722
Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

57.1K
Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
57.1K
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

1.1K
Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
1.1K
Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

64.4K
In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
64.4K
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

1.0K
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
1.0K
Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

669
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
669

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neutrophils and secondary infections in COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.

New microbes and new infections·2021
Same author

Transport spectroscopy of single Pt impurities in silicon using Schottky barrier MOSFETs.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2011
Same author

Studies of the Leucocytes in Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Pneumonia.

Transactions of the American Climatological Association for the year ... American Climatological Association·2011
Same author

Observation of the linear stark effect in a single acceptor in Si.

Physical review letters·2007
Same author

Mechanism of electron conduction in self-assembled alkanethiol monolayer devices.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2004
Same author

Electrical characterization of metal-molecule-silicon junctions.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2004

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures
06:43

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Published on: July 18, 2014

10.4K

Critical temperature in feedback-controlled electromigration of gold nanostructures.

S D Sawtelle1, Z A Kobos2, M A Reed2

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 United States of America.

Nanotechnology
|October 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Electromigration critical temperature is not fixed, varying with environmental conditions and device geometry. Understanding these factors is crucial for reliable microelectronic device design.

More Related Videos

Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
04:48

Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System

Published on: May 8, 2018

11.6K
Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
06:31

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures
06:43

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Published on: July 18, 2014

10.4K
Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
04:48

Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System

Published on: May 8, 2018

11.6K
Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
06:31

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Electromigration (EM) is a critical failure mechanism in microelectronics.
  • Current models often assume a fixed critical junction temperature for EM onset.
  • This assumption may oversimplify EM behavior in real devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors influencing the critical temperature for electromigration.
  • To challenge the notion of a single, fixed critical junction temperature for EM.
  • To provide a more nuanced understanding of EM onset conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Performed feedback-controlled electromigration experiments on nanowires and bowtie structures.
  • Varied environmental temperatures (75-260 K), thermal resistance, and current flow direction.
  • Utilized constant junction power models and various thermal models to analyze data.

Main Results:

  • Critical junction temperature (Tc) for EM varies with environmental temperature, thermal resistance, and current direction.
  • Fit critical power increased non-linearly with decreasing temperature.
  • Tc was found to depend on adjacent thermal resistance and electron flow alignment.

Conclusions:

  • The critical temperature for electromigration is not a constant but a variable dependent on multiple parameters.
  • Environmental temperature, thermal resistance, and current direction significantly influence EM onset.
  • A more complex model is needed to accurately predict electromigration in microelectronic devices.