Retrograde intrarenal surgery: An expanding role in treatment of urolithiasis
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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Published on: July 5, 2021
María Rodríguez-Monsalve Herrero1, Steeve Doizi1, Etienne Xavier Keller1
1Department of Urology, Tenon Hospital, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Abstract:
During the past 3 decades, the surgical management of kidney stones has undergone many technological advances and one is the development of the flexible ureteroscopy. The development of this instrument as well as ancillary equipment such as baskets, graspers, and others, and improvements in lithotripsy with Holmium: YAG laser have led to expand its indications with diagnostic and therapeutic management of medical issues of the upper urinary tract such as urolithiasis and urothelial tumors. The objective of this review is to describe its indications and results in the different scenarios for the treatment of urinary stones.
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