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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

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The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Portland Cement01:21

Portland Cement

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Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
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Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

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The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Exfoliation of Egyptian Blue and Han Blue, Two Alkali Earth Copper Silicate-based Pigments
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Tricalcium silicate-based cements: properties and modifications.

Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte1, Marina Angélica Marciano2, Rodrigo Ricci Vivan1

  • 1Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Dental School of Bauru, Department of Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru, SP, Brazil.

Brazilian Oral Research
|October 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) shows promise in endodontic repair due to its tissue healing and mineralization abilities. Recent MTA formulations aim to improve flowability while maintaining crucial properties for clinical success.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Endodontic Materials
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a widely utilized endodontic cement.
  • Its efficacy in pulp capping, apexification, and revascularization stems from its tissue repair and mineralization capabilities.
  • Ongoing research focuses on modifying MTA to enhance clinical performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review recent advancements in tricalcium silicate-based cements.
  • To discuss novel MTA formulations designed to improve flowability.
  • To evaluate essential properties of new MTA formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the latest research on physical, chemical, and biological properties of tricalcium silicate-based cements.
  • Analysis of modifications in MTA composition.
  • Assessment of novel formulations for enhanced clinical applications.

Main Results:

  • MTA's reparative potential is linked to its ability to induce tissue repair and mineralization.
  • New MTA formulations aim to increase flowability.
  • Key properties like radiopacity, setting time, color stability, pH, calcium ion release, and biocompatibility are crucial for new formulations.

Conclusions:

  • Tricalcium silicate-based cements represent an evolving area in endodontics.
  • Optimizing MTA formulations requires balancing improved properties with essential clinical characteristics.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the potential of novel MTA materials.