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Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O. 
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Stable molecules exist because covalent bonds hold the atoms together. The strength of a covalent bond is measured by the energy required to break it, that is, the energy necessary to separate the bonded atoms. Separating any pair of bonded atoms requires energy — the stronger a bond, the greater the energy required to break it.
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A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice
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Cold Bonding Method for Metallic Powder Coatings.

Wei Liu1, Jing Fu2, Haiping Zhang3

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China. wliu364@uwo.ca.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a cold bonding method using polyacrylic acid (PAA) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binders to improve metallic powder coating recyclability. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder achieved superior bonding quality, significantly reducing metallic pigment loss during application.

Keywords:
bondingmetallic flakespowder coating

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Coating Technology

Background:

  • Metallic powder coatings require consistent pigment concentration for effective recycling.
  • Traditional thermal bonding methods for metallic powder coatings suffer from pre-curing and high rejection rates.
  • Developing efficient and simple methods for bonded metallic powder coating is crucial for the paint industry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a cold bonding method for preparing bonded metallic powder coatings.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as binders in maintaining metallic pigment consistency.
  • To address the recyclability challenges in metallic powder coatings.

Main Methods:

  • A cold bonding technique was employed using polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as binders.
  • Various dosages of liquid binder and deionized (D.I.) water were tested to prepare bonded samples.
  • The bonding quality was assessed by measuring the variance in mass concentration of aluminum (Al) flakes before and after spraying.

Main Results:

  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder resulted in the lowest variance (0.46%) in Al flake concentration between original and deposited powder.
  • Polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a binder achieved a variance of 2.94% in Al flake concentration.
  • The cold bonding method successfully minimized pigment loss and demonstrated good bonding quality.

Conclusions:

  • The cold bonding method is a viable, green, and simple approach for producing high-quality bonded metallic powder coatings.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a highly effective binder for enhancing the recyclability of metallic powder coatings.
  • This method eliminates pre-curing and reduces rejection rates associated with thermal bonding techniques.