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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

Elena Grebenciucova1, Joseph R Berger2

  • 1Multiple Sclerosis Division, Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 675 St. Clair, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Neurologic Clinics
|October 28, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare brain infection caused by the John Cunningham virus in immunocompromised patients. This review covers PML risks with immunotherapies and strategies for mitigation and monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, opportunistic infection affecting the brain.
  • It is caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV), which is latent in most adults.
  • PML occurs in individuals with compromised immune systems due to illness or immunosuppressive medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review PML in the context of common immunotherapies.
  • To discuss strategies for mitigating and monitoring PML risk.
  • To provide an overview of PML associated with modern immunosuppressive treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PML cases associated with immunotherapies.
  • Analysis of risk factors and clinical presentations of PML.
  • Examination of current monitoring and management guidelines.

Main Results:

  • PML is an emerging concern with certain immunotherapies.
  • Risk stratification and early detection are crucial for patient outcomes.
  • Specific monitoring protocols can help identify at-risk patients.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PML risks with immunotherapies is essential for clinicians.
  • Proactive monitoring and risk mitigation strategies are key to managing PML.
  • Further research is needed to refine PML prevention and treatment in immunocompromised patients.
Keywords:
John Cunningham virusOpportunistic infectionProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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