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Acute Community-Acquired Bacterial Meningitis

Ana Helena A Figueiredo1, Matthijs C Brouwer1, Diederik van de Beek1

  • 1Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Neurologic Clinics
|October 28, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Community-acquired bacterial meningitis is a significant disease. Conjugated vaccines have changed its epidemiology, with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis being key pathogens. Prompt diagnosis and antibiotic therapy are crucial for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) poses a substantial global health burden.
  • The epidemiology of CABM has been significantly altered by the widespread adoption of conjugated vaccines.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis are the primary bacterial agents responsible for meningitis in non-neonatal populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current epidemiology of community-acquired bacterial meningitis.
  • To highlight the impact of conjugated vaccines on meningitis pathogens.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on bacterial meningitis.
  • Analysis of pathogen prevalence, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis.
  • Discussion of clinical presentation variations and diagnostic delays.

Main Results:

  • Conjugated vaccines have led to significant epidemiological shifts in bacterial meningitis.
  • Age and underlying conditions influence clinical presentation.
  • Delayed diagnosis and treatment correlate with poorer clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Empirical antibiotic strategies for bacterial meningitis should be guided by age-specific prevalent pathogens and local antimicrobial susceptibility data.
  • Effective management requires prompt diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
  • Continued surveillance and vaccine impact assessment are essential for controlling bacterial meningitis.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial therapyCommunity-acquired bacterial meningitisConjugate vaccinesDexamethasoneEpidemiologyLumbar puncture

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