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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Data Reporting and Recording01:24

Data Reporting and Recording

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Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
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Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report01:25

Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report

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A hand-off report, also known as a change-of-shift report, is a crucial nursing process that ensures the smooth transition of patient care responsibilities between nursing staff.
Following are the key components and categories of hand-off reports:
Purpose and Process:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Laser Nanosurgery of Cerebellar Axons In Vivo
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Solid non-enhancing cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma case report.

James E Towner1, Amit Azriel2, TeWhiti Rogers3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
|October 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study reports a rare case of a non-enhancing solid pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) in the cerebellum. This finding expands the understanding of uncommon pilocytic astrocytoma presentations in pediatric patients.

Keywords:
Cerebellar tumorsMRIPilocytic astrocytoma

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Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) are typically slow-growing, low-grade gliomas.
  • Commonly present as cerebellar tumors in pediatric and adolescent populations.
  • Characteristic imaging shows a cystic mass with an enhancing solid nodule.

Observation:

  • This case presents a unique instance of a non-enhancing solid pilocytic astrocytoma.
  • This contrasts with previously described uncommon features like non-enhancing cystic tumors.
  • The tumor was located in the cerebellum.

Findings:

  • The study details the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of this unique case.
  • This is the first reported case of a non-enhancing solid pilocytic astrocytoma.
  • Relevant literature on pilocytic astrocytoma imaging variations was reviewed.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of recognizing uncommon pilocytic astrocytoma presentations.
  • Emphasizes the need for broad differential diagnosis in pediatric cerebellar tumors.
  • Informs pre-operative planning for cerebellar tumors in young patients.