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Brain mechanisms underlying apathy.

Campbell Le Heron1,2,3, Clay B Holroyd4, John Salamone5

  • 1Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK campbell.leheron@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|October 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apathy, a loss of motivation impacting quality of life, is linked to brain changes. This review proposes a framework for understanding apathy by examining normal motivated behavior and its disruptions in animal models.

Keywords:
apathycognitive neurosciencedecision makingeffortgoal-directed behaviourmotivationreward

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Apathy is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by reduced motivation and goal-directed behavior.
  • It significantly impacts quality of life across various neurological and psychiatric conditions.
  • Neuroimaging studies consistently link apathy to alterations in medial frontal cortex and subcortical structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a conceptual framework for understanding pathological apathy.
  • To integrate current knowledge of normal motivated behavior with insights into apathy.
  • To bridge findings from basic neuroscience research with clinical observations of apathy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of prominent theories of motivated behavior.
  • Analysis of behavioral effects of disrupting motivated behavior processes in animal models.
  • Correlation of basic neuroscience findings with clinical and physiological evidence from patient studies.

Main Results:

  • Apathy may stem from disruption of common systems-level mechanisms in the brain.
  • Understanding normal motivated behavior provides a basis for conceptualizing pathological apathy.
  • Animal models reveal specific effects of neural disruption on components of motivated behavior.

Conclusions:

  • A conceptual framework linking normal motivated behavior to pathological apathy is proposed.
  • Basic neuroscience research, particularly in animal models, offers valuable insights into apathy.
  • Further research can elucidate the homologies between animal models and clinical apathy syndromes.