Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

37.2K
Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
37.2K
Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

586
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
586
Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

675
Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
675
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

33.9K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
33.9K
Steps for Free-Body Diagram01:22

Steps for Free-Body Diagram

3.2K
When it comes to studying the behavior of objects in mechanics, one of the most important tools available is the free-body diagram. Consider a simple example of a system of two blocks coupled by a massless string over a frictionless pulley. Block 1 is sliding over a table pulled by block 2 as block 2 falls under gravity.
To find the acceleration of the system, it is first necessary to calculate the net force on the system. In order to accomplish this, a free-body diagram can be created to...
3.2K
Multi-Step Reactions02:31

Multi-Step Reactions

8.8K
Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...
8.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gait stability in peripheral artery disease: a phase-dependent analysis using gait tube methodology.

Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences·2026
Same author

Optimization of Actuator Stiffness and Actuation Timing of a Passive Ankle Exoskeleton: A Case Study Using a Musculoskeletal Modeling Approach.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Revascularization Enhances Walking Dynamics in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.

Applied mechanics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Optimizing hip exoskeleton assistance pattern based on machine learning and simulation algorithms: a personalized approach to metabolic cost reduction.

Frontiers in robotics and AI·2025
Same author

Effects of Passive Hip Flexion and Extension Assistance in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease and Healthy Individuals.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Modeling Dual-Task Performance: Identifying Key Predictors Using Artificial Neural Networks.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Revised and Neuroimaging-Compatible Versions of the Dual Task Screen
07:52

Revised and Neuroimaging-Compatible Versions of the Dual Task Screen

Published on: October 5, 2020

4.0K

Optic flow improves step width and length in older adults while performing dual task.

Taylor Leeder1, Farahnaz Fallahtafti1, Molly Schieber1

  • 1Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive, Omaha, NE, 68182-0860, USA.

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
|October 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Optic-flow environments improve gait parameters like step width in older adults (OA) during dual-task walking. This virtual reality setting benefits OA more than younger adults (YA) in specific cognitive tasks.

Keywords:
Dual task costEnvironmentGaitSpatiotemporalVirtual reality

More Related Videos

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients
05:23

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Published on: March 11, 2021

2.9K
Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
07:42

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Revised and Neuroimaging-Compatible Versions of the Dual Task Screen
07:52

Revised and Neuroimaging-Compatible Versions of the Dual Task Screen

Published on: October 5, 2020

4.0K
Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients
05:23

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Published on: March 11, 2021

2.9K
Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
07:42

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Dual-task paradigms assess gait and cognitive function in older adults (OA).
  • Optic-flow simulates real-world walking using virtual reality and a treadmill.
  • Investigating environmental effects on gait and cognition is crucial for aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the impact of optic-flow versus no optic-flow environments on walking.
  • To analyze dual-task costs (DTC) in both environments across different cognitive tasks.
  • To determine if optic-flow benefits older adults during dual-task walking.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty older adults (OA) and seven younger adults (YA) participated.
  • Participants walked on a treadmill under self-paced conditions for 3-minute trials.
  • Five cognitive tasks were performed: no task, semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, word reading, and serial-subtraction.

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed improved step width and length in optic-flow during the 'letters' task.
  • Older adults exhibited better step width dual-task cost (DTC) in optic-flow compared to younger adults.
  • Older adults demonstrated reduced step width DTC in both environments during serial-subtraction compared to younger adults.

Conclusions:

  • Optic-flow environments enhance spatial gait parameters, specifically step width, for older adults during dual-task walking.
  • Sensory input from optic-flow appears to provide a benefit to older adults' gait.
  • Differences in DTC between age groups suggest varying cognitive-motor strategies during dual-tasking.