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Eco-evolutionary rescue promotes host-pathogen coexistence.

Graziella V DiRenzo1,2, Elise F Zipkin2, Evan H Campbell Grant3

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20744, USA.

Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
|October 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eco-evolutionary rescue and spatial variation in transmission drive amphibian coexistence with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). This research offers new methods for studying disease dynamics in wildlife populations.

Keywords:
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidisDail-Madsen modelamphibianschytriddemographyenzooticepidemiologyimperfect detection

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Wildlife Disease Ecology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases cause significant wildlife mortality, but understanding host-pathogen coexistence post-outbreak is challenging due to low host numbers and cryptic species.
  • The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused mass mortality events in wild amphibian populations globally.
  • Limited knowledge exists on the mechanisms maintaining host-pathogen coexistence after severe disease outbreaks in wildlife.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate empirical support for three hypotheses of host-pathogen coexistence: source-sink dynamics, eco-evolutionary rescue, and spatial variation in pathogen transmission.
  • To investigate post-outbreak disease dynamics in a Neotropical amphibian community affected by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd).
  • To introduce and apply a novel disease-structured N-mixture model for studying host-pathogen interactions in remnant populations.

Main Methods:

  • A novel disease-structured N-mixture model was developed and applied to analyze amphibian survey data.
  • Amphibian populations in Parque Nacional G. D. Omar Torríjos Herrera, Panama, were surveyed between 2010 and 2014.
  • Survival and recruitment rates of both infected and uninfected hosts were compared to assess coexistence mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Eco-evolutionary rescue was identified as the primary driver of host-pathogen coexistence, with similar survival (approx. 96% monthly) and recruitment rates between infected and uninfected amphibians.
  • Spatial variation in pathogen transmission was a secondary driver, with higher transmission rates observed in areas of lower host abundance.
  • No support was found for the source-sink hypothesis of host-pathogen coexistence.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in host community composition, such as genetic or species diversity, can mitigate the impacts of emerging infectious diseases post-outbreak.
  • The developed disease-structured N-mixture model is a valuable tool for conservation managers to understand host-pathogen dynamics.
  • This study provides new avenues for researching disease dynamics in vulnerable host populations affected by virulent pathogens.