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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Published on: May 16, 2015

The Placenta in Neonatal Encephalopathy: A Case-Control Study.

Torstein Vik¹, Raymond Redline², Karin B Nelson³

¹Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

The Journal of Pediatrics

|October 30, 2018

Summary

Placental findings of fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) are linked to neonatal encephalopathy risk. This subacute or chronic condition on the fetal side of the placenta increases the likelihood of adverse outcomes in newborns.

Keywords:

avascular villi electronic fetal monitoring fetal growth restriction fetal thrombotic vasculopathy fetal vascular malperfusion placental weight

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Area of Science:

Perinatal pathology
Neonatal neurology
Obstetrics

Background:

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a severe condition predicting mortality or cerebral palsy.
Identifying placental factors associated with NE is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between specific placental histologic lesions and the risk of neonatal encephalopathy.
To determine if fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) is a significant risk factor for NE.

Main Methods:

A case-control study compared placentas from infants with NE (cases) to those without (controls).
Histologic placental slides were evaluated by a pathologist blinded to case status.
Lesions were categorized into inflammatory, maternal vascular malperfusion, and fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM).

Main Results:

Fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) was significantly more frequent in placentas of infants with NE (20%) compared to controls (7%).
A trend towards increased segmental FVM and high-grade FVM (fetal thrombotic vasculopathy) was observed in NE cases.
Placental FVM was present in 24% of NE cases and associated with abnormal electronic fetal monitoring.

Conclusions:

Subacute or chronic vascular malperfusion originating from the fetal side of the placenta is associated with an increased risk of neonatal encephalopathy.
FVM represents a key placental pathology linked to NE development.