Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

8.6K

[How polyomavirus crosses the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to gain entry into the cytosol]

Takamasa Inoue1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.

Uirusu
|October 30, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Polyomavirus (Py) infection involves translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. This review details how host cell functions facilitate this critical viral entry step into the cytosol.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • Polyomavirus (Py) is a double-stranded DNA virus causing severe diseases in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Viral infection requires entry into the host cell's cytosol, often involving translocation across cellular membranes.

Purpose:

  • To review the enigmatic mechanisms of Polyomavirus translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane.
  • To highlight the role of host cell functions in facilitating Py entry into the cytosol.

Summary:

  • Polyomavirus initiates infection by binding to cell receptors, undergoing endocytosis, and trafficking to the ER.
  • The critical, yet poorly understood, step involves Py penetrating the ER membrane to reach the cytosol.
  • Host cell machinery and functions are essential for mediating this ER membrane translocation.

Impact:

  • Understanding Py ER membrane penetration is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.
  • Elucidating host-pathogen interactions at the ER membrane can inform treatments for Py-associated diseases.
  • This review consolidates current knowledge on a key step in Polyomavirus pathogenesis.

More Related Videos

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells16:43

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells

Published on: February 18, 2014

13.7K
Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum Imaging by Correlative Light and Volume Electron Microscopy09:21

Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum Imaging by Correlative Light and Volume Electron Microscopy

Published on: July 20, 2019

13.9K

Related Concept Videos

Endoplasmic Reticulum01:39

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells is a substantial network of interconnected membranes with diverse functions, from calcium storage to biomolecule synthesis. A primary component of the endomembrane system, the ER manufactures phospholipids critical for membrane function throughout the cell. Additionally, the two distinct regions of the ER specialize in the manufacture of specific lipids and proteins.
108.1K
The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
21.4K
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
8.0K
Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
17.7K
Gain01:15

Gain

Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.
410
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
172.0K