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Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise

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Published on: August 25, 2022

Exercise type relates to inhibitory and error processing functions in older adults.

Dan Li¹, Chung-Ju Huang², Sin-Chi Liu³

¹School for Sports Humanities and Social Science, Jilin Sport University , Jilin , China.

Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition

|October 30, 2018

Summary

Regular exercise, especially open-skill activities, enhances cognitive functions like response inhibition and error processing in older adults. This study found improved reaction times and brain responses related to cognitive control in regular exercisers.

Keywords:

Executive function aging error detection physical activity

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Sports Science

Background:

Cognitive functions like response inhibition and error detection decline with age.
Physical exercise is known to benefit cognitive health in older adults.
Different types of exercise may have varying effects on specific cognitive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between different types of exercise (open-skill, closed-skill, irregular) and cognitive control in older adults.
To examine the impact of exercise on inhibition of prepotent responses and error detection.
To explore the neural correlates (ERPs) of these cognitive processes in relation to exercise habits.

Main Methods:

Seventy-five older adults (mean age 68.88 years) were categorized into regular open-skill, regular closed-skill, or irregular exercise groups.
Participants completed the Stroop task and a task-switching paradigm.
Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during task performance.

Main Results:

Regular exercisers showed faster reaction times (RTs) in the Stroop task compared to irregular exercisers.
Open-skill exercisers exhibited distinct ERP patterns (smaller N200, larger P300a amplitudes) in the Stroop task.
Open-skill exercisers demonstrated a trend towards shorter error-related negativity (ERN) latencies in the task-switching test.

Conclusions:

Regular participation in open-skill exercise is associated with enhanced cognitive inhibition and error processing in older adults.
Open-skill exercise may offer specific cognitive advantages over closed-skill or irregular exercise for older populations.
These findings highlight the potential of tailored physical activity interventions to support cognitive aging.