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Maxillomandibulocardiac reflex in a dog.

Luca Bellini1, Anna Perazzi2, Barbara Carobbi2

  • 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy. luca.bellini@unipd.it.

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
|October 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The maxillomandibulocardiac reflex (MMCR), a rare brainstem reflex, can cause bradycardia and hypotension during surgery. Dopamine infusion effectively treated a refractory case in a dog, normalizing hemodynamics.

Keywords:
AtropineDogDopamineMaxillomandibulocardiac reflexTrigeminocardiac reflex

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anesthesiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a brainstem reflex observed during surgical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve.
  • Peripheral TCRs include oculocardiac and maxillomandibulocardiac reflexes (MMCRs).
  • MMCR has not been previously reported in veterinary medicine.

Observation:

  • A 5-year-old dog experienced bradycardia and hypotension during surgery for an upper lip mass.
  • These hemodynamic changes were temporally linked to surgical stimulation.
  • The MMCR was suspected as the cause of the observed reflex.

Findings:

  • Initial atropine treatment was ineffective in resolving the bradycardia and hypotension.
  • A dopamine infusion successfully normalized the dog's heart rhythm and blood pressure.
  • The dog recovered uneventfully with no recurrence of arrhythmias.

Implications:

  • The MMCR is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication during procedures involving the trigeminal nerve.
  • Dopamine, a beta-1 adrenergic agonist, may be effective for refractory MMCR cases.
  • This case highlights the importance of recognizing and managing MMCR in veterinary anesthesia.