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Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

What is the Endocrine System?

What is the Endocrine System?

The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.

The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System

The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that...

An Overview of the Endocrine System

An Overview of the Endocrine System

The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
The endocrine system collaborates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells From Human Prostate Cancer Samples

Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells From Human Prostate Cancer Samples

Published on: March 14, 2014

[Endocrine therapy for prostate cancer.]

Naoya Nagaya¹, Shigeo Horie¹

¹Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Clinical Calcium

|October 31, 2018

Summary

Androgen deprivation therapy and antiandrogens are standard endocrine treatments for advanced prostate cancer. This review covers endocrine therapy types, mechanisms, clinical use, new treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer, and side effects.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Endocrinology
Urology

Background:

Advanced prostate cancer is typically treated with endocrine therapy, including androgen deprivation therapy and antiandrogens.
While initially effective, most patients develop resistance, leading to disease progression and castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Understanding endocrine therapy is crucial for managing advanced prostate cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current landscape of endocrine therapy for prostate cancer.
To explore the physiological mechanisms underlying endocrine therapy's effectiveness and resistance.
To discuss new therapeutic strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer and associated side effects.

Main Methods:

Literature review of endocrine therapy for prostate cancer.

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Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells From Human Prostate Cancer Samples

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Analysis of physiological mechanisms of hormone-based treatments.

Comparative overview of clinical applications in Japan, US, and Europe.

Examination of emerging therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Main Results:

Endocrine therapy, including androgen deprivation and antiandrogens, is a cornerstone for advanced prostate cancer.
Development of castration-resistant prostate cancer is a common challenge.
New endocrine therapies are emerging for advanced and resistant disease stages.

Conclusions:

Endocrine therapy remains vital in prostate cancer management, necessitating ongoing research into overcoming resistance.
A comprehensive understanding of mechanisms, clinical use, and novel treatments is essential for improving patient outcomes.
Awareness of potential side effects is critical for effective patient care.