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Weaker plant-enemy interactions decrease tree seedling diversity with edge-effects in a fragmented tropical forest.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Forest edges disrupt crucial ecological interactions, leading to reduced tree diversity. Weakened insect herbivore and fungal pathogen activity near edges decreases seedling diversity, highlighting cryptic edge effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Forest Ecology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Tree diversity in fragmented forests declines near edges, but underlying ecological processes are unclear.
  • Top-down regulation by insect herbivores and fungal pathogens is theorized to maintain forest tree diversity.
  • It remains unknown if forest edges compromise these diversity-enhancing biotic interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate if proximity to forest edges affects the activity of insect herbivores and fungal pathogens.
  • To determine if weakened biotic interactions near forest edges reduce seedling diversity.
  • To provide mechanistic evidence for how edge effects impact crucial biotic interactions that maintain diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted field experiments in a human-modified tropical landscape with varying proximity to forest edges.
  • Applied pesticides to manipulate the activity of insect herbivores and fungal pathogens.
  • Assessed seedling diversity and density-dependent mortality during the seed-to-seedling transition.
  • Compared seedling diversity and mortality between pesticide-treated and control plots at different distances from forest edges.

Main Results:

  • Weakened activity of fungal pathogens and insect herbivores near forest edges reduced seedling diversity.
  • Pesticide application significantly lowered seedling diversity only at sites farthest from edges (90-100 m).
  • Reduced seedling diversity correlated with weaker density-dependent mortality from insects and fungi during the seed-to-seedling transition.

Conclusions:

  • Edge effects in fragmented forests can manifest as cryptic losses of essential biotic interactions.
  • Forest edges disrupt top-down regulation by natural enemies, compromising tree diversity maintenance.
  • Conservation strategies for fragmented forests should consider the impact of edge effects on ecological processes.