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Preparation and Characterization of Butachlor/(2-Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex: Improve Soil

Qianqian Geng1, Jingchan Xie1, Xin Wang1

  • 1College of Plant Protection , China Agricultural University , No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|October 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a water-soluble complex of butachlor herbicide with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). The new formulation enhances herbicidal activity while significantly reducing toxicity to aquatic life.

Keywords:
(2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrinbutachlorherbicidal activitysolubilitytoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Butachlor is a widely used herbicide with limited water solubility and potential environmental toxicity.
  • Cyclodextrins, particularly (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), are known for their ability to form inclusion complexes with hydrophobic molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a water-soluble and environmentally friendly formulation of butachlor using HP-β-CD.
  • To investigate the physicochemical properties, soil mobility, herbicidal efficacy, and ecotoxicity of the butachlor-HP-β-CD inclusion complex.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of butachlor-HP-β-CD inclusion complex via complexation.
  • Phase solubility studies to determine stoichiometry and stability constant.
  • Characterization using 1H NMR, FTIR, and DSC.
  • Molecular docking simulations.
  • Soil adsorption/desorption experiments.
  • Herbicidal activity assays.
  • Ecotoxicity testing on zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Main Results:

  • A 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex of butachlor with HP-β-CD was successfully formed with a stability constant of 864.3 M⁻¹.
  • Complexation confirmed by spectroscopic and thermal analysis, with molecular docking indicating complete inclusion.
  • The inclusion complex exhibited decreased soil adsorption and enhanced mobility.
  • The complex showed improved herbicidal activity compared to free butachlor.
  • Median lethal concentration (LC50) for zebrafish increased from 0.65 mg L⁻¹ for free butachlor to 2.30 mg L⁻¹ for the complex, indicating reduced aquatic toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Complexation with HP-β-CD effectively enhances the water solubility and environmental profile of butachlor.
  • The developed inclusion complex offers a promising approach for creating safer and more effective herbicide formulations.
  • This strategy using cyclodextrins can be applied to develop greener agrochemical products.