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Functional Bioactive Components in Non-Bovine Milks: A Comparative Review of Health Benefits and Potential
Jiaming Bai1, Guoliang Tan1, Jingping Liao1
1School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|July 8, 2026
Summary
Nonbovine milks contain unique functional components like osteopontin and lactoferrin, showing potential health benefits. Further human studies are needed to confirm these effects for functional foods and supplements.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Biochemistry
- Functional Foods
Background:
- Nonbovine milks are increasingly recognized for unique nutritional and bioactive properties.
- Specialty milks contain functional components such as osteopontin, lactoferrin, and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the functional components and biological activities of nonbovine milks.
- To explore the potential health applications of these specialty milks.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of preclinical (in vitro and animal) studies.
- Analysis of bioactive composition and reported biological activities.
Main Results:
- Nonbovine milk components exhibit potential immunomodulatory, gut barrier enhancing, neurodevelopmental, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
- Interspecies variations in composition suggest targeted health advantages for specific nonbovine milks.
Conclusions:
- Nonbovine milks possess potential as functional ingredients for tailored foods, supplements, and therapeutics.
- Further human clinical trials are essential to validate preclinical findings and understand mechanisms in humans.
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