Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

553
Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
Another type of impurity is clay and fine material that...
553
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

449
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
449
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

390
In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
390
Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance01:17

Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance

18.0K
One of the significant functions of connective tissue is connecting tissues and organs. Unlike epithelial tissue that is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. The matrix usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue cells that are embedded within it. It plays a significant role in the functioning of this tissue. The major component of the matrix is a...
18.0K
Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

1.4K
The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
1.4K
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

28.2K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
28.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Throwing good effort after bad: Evidence for a sunk-cost effect in cognitive effort-based decision-making.

Cognition·2026
Same authorSame journal

Correction: The neural basis of cost-benefit trade-offs in effort investment: a quantitative activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same author

The neural basis of cost-benefit trade-offs in effort investment: a quantitative activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same author

Demand avoidance in value-based choice under risk: A behavioral and pupillometric examination.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: How decoy options ferment choice biases in real-world consumer decision-making.

NPJ science of learning·2025
Same author

Advantageous and disadvantageous inequality aversion can be taught through learning of others' preferences.

eLife·2025
Same journal

The role of sleep in strengthening face learning and memory consolidation: A systematic review.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same journal

How the brain represents a romantic partner: Dissociable roles of the nucleus accumbens and anterior insula.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Predictive processing in time perception: Assessing prediction error minimization in the sub-second range.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same journal

When attention falters: Brain, breathing, and behavioral signals of lapses in interoceptive attention.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Fronto-Parietal EEG asymmetry interactions predict negative attention bias: A secondary data analysis.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Automatic Separation and Collection of Cancer-Related Substances from Clinical Samples
08:49

Automatic Separation and Collection of Cancer-Related Substances from Clinical Samples

Published on: January 13, 2023

2.3K

Substance use is associated with reduced devaluation sensitivity.

Kaileigh A Byrne1, A Ross Otto2, Bo Pang3

  • 1Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|November 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Substance use is linked to reduced sensitivity to reward devaluation, indicating difficulty in disengaging from learned habits. This impacts decision-making and reward processing in individuals with substance use issues.

Keywords:
Decision-makingDevaluationHabit formationRewardSubstance use

More Related Videos

A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances
08:18

A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances

Published on: October 10, 2020

6.1K
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Biological Samples Using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances Assay
06:19

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Biological Samples Using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances Assay

Published on: May 12, 2020

31.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Automatic Separation and Collection of Cancer-Related Substances from Clinical Samples
08:49

Automatic Separation and Collection of Cancer-Related Substances from Clinical Samples

Published on: January 13, 2023

2.3K
A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances
08:18

A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances

Published on: October 10, 2020

6.1K
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Biological Samples Using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances Assay
06:19

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Biological Samples Using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances Assay

Published on: May 12, 2020

31.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Substance use is associated with altered reward processing and decision-making.
  • Empirical research on substance use and reward devaluation in humans is limited.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for addressing substance use disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between individual differences in substance use and reward learning strategies.
  • To examine how substance use affects sensitivity to reward devaluation.
  • To explore the role of dopamine functioning (via eyeblink rate) in these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies (N=66, N=91) used nonclinical samples.
  • Participants completed substance use questionnaires (Externalizing Spectrum Inventory).
  • A two-stage reinforcement learning task with a devaluation procedure was employed; spontaneous eyeblink rate served as a dopamine proxy.

Main Results:

  • Substance use negatively correlated with devaluation sensitivity in Experiment 1.
  • In Experiment 2, substance use independently predicted reduced devaluation sensitivity.
  • Spontaneous eyeblink rate moderated the link between substance use and reward learning strategies, but not devaluation sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Substance use is associated with decreased sensitivity to reward devaluation, even after reward-action associations are formed.
  • Findings suggest substance use contributes to increased habit formation and difficulty disengaging from learned behaviors.
  • Implications for the dopaminergic system's role in habitual responding in substance use are discussed.