Evolution of research on cellular motility over five decades

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Molecular Biology
• Biophysics

Background:

• Cellular movement is fundamental to life.
• Understanding the molecular basis of cell motility has been a long-standing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical development of our knowledge on molecular mechanisms of cellular movements.
• To highlight the progress in actin-based and microtubule-based cell motility research over the past 50 years.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of key discoveries and advancements.
• Analysis of the role of protein discoveries in driving progress.
• Examination of the evolution of understanding from molecular identification to atomic structures and dynamic behavior.

Main Results:

• Actin-based and microtubule-based movement research progressed distinctly but were both propelled by key protein discoveries.
• Knowledge has advanced from zero known molecules in 1960 to detailed understanding of atomic structures, kinetics, thermodynamics, and in-cell behavior.
• Molecularly explicit computer simulations are now used to test theories of cellular processes.

Conclusions:

• The field of cellular movement has matured remarkably over the last 50 years.
• Understanding of molecular mechanisms has reached a sophisticated level, integrating structural, dynamic, and computational approaches.
• Future research can leverage this comprehensive knowledge base for further discoveries.