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Internet- Based Interventions in Chronic Somatic Disease.

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Summary
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Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) show potential for improving lifestyle behaviors and supporting medical treatment in chronic somatic diseases. While effective, results are varied, and implementation into healthcare systems requires further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Digital health interventions
  • Psychosocial care in chronic somatic diseases
  • Evidence-based digital health applications

Background:

  • Psychosocial care is crucial for chronic somatic diseases but often inaccessible.
  • Technology-based interventions, such as Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs), offer a promising solution.
  • IMIs aim to improve health outcomes and quality of life for individuals with chronic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the fundamentals, applications, and evidence base of IMIs.
  • To explore the role of IMIs in managing chronic somatic diseases.
  • To discuss the potential of IMIs in healthcare settings.

Main Methods:

  • A selective literature search was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane databases.
  • Included reviews focused on randomized controlled trials of psychological IMIs.
  • The relevance of these IMIs for individuals with chronic somatic diseases was assessed.

Main Results:

  • IMIs can modify unfavorable behaviors associated with chronic somatic diseases.
  • Effect sizes for lifestyle changes (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption) are generally small (d=0.25 and d=0.20, respectively).
  • IMIs demonstrated potential in increasing disease-specific self-efficacy, e.g., in diabetes patients (d=0.23).

Conclusions:

  • IMIs show potential for lifestyle modification and supporting medical treatment in chronic somatic diseases.
  • However, heterogeneity in study results and limited evidence in specific healthcare contexts necessitate further investigation.
  • Implementation strategies for integrating IMIs into healthcare systems require careful consideration.