[Analysis of Risk Factors for Side Effects and the Establishment of Supportive Therapy during Cancer Chemotherapy]

Cancer chemotherapy has a high frequency of side effects, and patients often experience adverse health effects. This review focuses on risk factors and supportive care for the prevention of chemotherapy side effects. 1) Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DILD) is one of the serious adverse events associated with chemotherapy, and this retrospective study investigated the risk of DILD in Japanese patients with lung cancer. Among the 459 patients who received lung cancer chemotherapy from April 2007 to March 2013, 33 (7.2%) developed chemotherapy-associated DILD. Preexisting interstitial lung disease was a risk factor for DILD [odds ratio (OR)=5.38; 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.47-11.73]. Early death was observed in 10 of the 33 patients who developed DILD. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor use (OR=9.26; 95%CI=1.05-81.96) and two or more prior chemotherapy regimens (OR=6.95; 95%CI=1.14-42.35) were identified as poor prognostic factors. 2) The incidence of pemetrexed-induced rash is high. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids for pemetrexed-induced rash. Rash developed in 26.9% of patients who received pemetrexed between April 2009 and March 2014. Supplementation with dexamethasone (≥1.5 mg) on days 2 and 3 significantly reduced the incidence of rash compared with no supplementary corticosteroids (39.4% vs. 17.8%, p<0.05). Increasing the corticosteroid dose had no additional effect on pemetrexed-induced rash development. These results suggest that supplementary corticosteroids may prevent pemetrexed-induced rash, and low-dose corticosteroids are sufficient for such prevention.